![]() The Marxist left not only rejects anarchism it denies that anarchism plays a progressive role in historical development. The response to anarchism from the Marxist left, from Marx onward and including all of its varieties, has been clear and categorical. David Apter and James Joll (Garden City, New York: Anchor, 1972), 4-5.)) With its emphasis on action rather than ideas, it often "makes happenings into a substitute solution for programmes." ((Ibid.)) ((David Apter, “The Old Anarchism and The New – Some Comments,” in Anarchism Today, eds. In his introductory essay to a series of articles surveying the anarchist movement throughout the world, David Apter goes so far as to write that anarchism "gives little sense of consistent accumulation of ideas and theories". In fact, it is often asserted even by strong sympathizers that anarchism possesses no really developed theory in the first place, that whatever else it may be, anarchism is not a well-worked-out doctrine of theoretical principles. ![]() While taking on the coloration of local events, the theory of anarchism propounded in the 19th century remains almost the same in our own times. Yet in spite of its historical continuity, anarchism appears to have little historical development. Anarchism was there at the beginning, it has been a permanent (if small) force throughout the major events and crises of the modern period, and it continues today as a significant body of thought and action. ![]() IN THE HISTORY OF THE LEFT, anarchism has always played a strange and more or less underground part. ![]()
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